Bish bosh

When Bishop Ewen Ratteray sent Canon Alan Tilson back to Ireland earlier this year, it was clear that his explanation – that both Canon Tilson and the parish needed a change – was bunk. Both Canon Tilson and his parishioners were clearly happy with the status quo, and the Bishop never explained why he thought he knew better than they did what was good for them.

At the time the Bishop also defended his action by saying there was a need to have more Bermudian pastors. Canon Tilson left Bermuda earlier this summer, but not only has the search for his replacement only just begun, the Bishop has now admitted that another expat may have to be hired.

So let’s see: the Bishop has rid the Island of one of its longest-serving and best-loved pastors, angered his vestry and parishioners, left them without a permanent replacement for months on end, and will probably advance the cause of Bermudianisation not one jot.

So what exactly does he think he’s achieved?

Comments

[Full Fullish on 17.11.05 at 20:35]

I believe he's achieved a "stalemate".... Ba dum dum ching....

Seriously though, yet another fine example of why politics and religion never mix. The parishioners should drum the bishop out of the church.....

[ace on 17.11.05 at 21:03]

I'm betting the Bish weighs the same as a duck and is made of wood.

[Slowhand on 17.11.05 at 21:14]

And therefore?......

"He's a witch....."
"Burn the witch!"
'Thats a fair cop'

[JJ on 17.11.05 at 22:02]

It's no dumber than the 6 year term limit on non "key" employee ex-pats.

[The Limey on 17.11.05 at 22:22]

JJ - Indeed. Get rid of the employees with the experience and local knowledge, annoy their employers by forcing them to spend time and money finding a replacement expat, and advance the cause of Bermudianisation not one jot.

And this is a good idea because...?

[Guilden M. Gilbert, Jr. on 17.11.05 at 22:27]

Limey,

So you are saying that once someone enters Bermuda on a work permit he/she should be able to stay as long as he/she wants?

If that's the case, let's not have an immigration policy, we'll let any and everyone come and go as they please.

[The Limey on 17.11.05 at 22:29]

Guilden

No, that's not what I'm saying. I'm asking what is achieved by replacing one expat with another.

Tell me, what good do you think it does?

[Guilden M. Gilbert, Jr. on 17.11.05 at 22:35]

It prevents the serious social issue cause by the many Portuguese families that were uprooted, the children of which knew no other country. I cna only begin to imagine how traumatic the experience was of been forced to leave the only home they ever knew.

I also believe very strongly that there need to be Bermudians understudying these non-key employees so that when another foreign is brought in it is to make up the necessary numbers not to manage lower level Bermudian employees. Surely after six years of understudy the Bermudian can fill the role, if not than he/she has only himself/herslef to blame.

[The Limey on 17.11.05 at 22:44]

Guilden

It prevents the serious social issue cause by the many Portuguese families that were uprooted

Sorry, I don't understand.

I also believe very strongly that there need to be Bermudians understudying these non-key employees so that when another foreign is brought in it is to make up the necessary numbers not to manage lower level Bermudian employees.

Well, we could certainly discuss the merits of having that kind of scheme tied to the work permit term limits. But the fact is - there isn't one. There is no requirement to replace the outgoing employee with a Bermudian. And in the absence of that - what's the point?

[Rincewind on 17.11.05 at 23:15]

I guess it gave Rattery a hard on to show his power over others.

It is pointless to get rid of one employee without having a replacement waiting especially if it is for an important position, like say... the spiritual leader of a community.

What is Rattery's nationality?

[NoVote on 18.11.05 at 00:50]

As far as Trinity Church and its franchise is concerned, Rev Tilson was a key employee. More than anything else it was his personal contribution that brought the parishoners to this church.

Had he filled a role as significant in another institution - say a major reinsurance company - there is no doubt that he would have been classified as 'key'.

The current immigration policies are clearly not being applied consistently, and serve no useful purpose. Replacing one expat with another is truly pointless.

To briefly address one point that has been made about the social woes associated with the dislodging children of long-term residents from Bermuda, who know no other home, I would like to make the following point.

I am the child of a long-term resident of another - albeit former - British Dependent Territory (Apologies to those that find this term offensive. I am simply using the terminology that the rest of the world would recognise.), who knew no other home for all of my formative years - that is 20 of the first 25 years.

I was forced to leave when my parents chose to move elsewhere.

There are many political, social and economic reasons why I can't move back there, although I visit from time-to-time, and it will in my mind always be my home. I missed the place, but I got over it. So will the children of Bermuda's long-term residents.

[NoVote on 18.11.05 at 01:07]

Oh, and one more point, which possibly may not apply to ministers of the church (although I'm not qualified to comment this particular profession), but certainly does to other professions: the appointment of Bermudian understudies to replace expatriates pre-supposes that it is actually possible for an expatriate to pass on their knowledge and experience to another person simply by working closely with them, coaching and perhaps providing good training.

For many, many professions this is simply not the case. In many professional and managerial positions, into which expatriates are recruited, the skills that the expatriate has developed and utilises have been gained through exposure to an environment and a diversity of people and situations that simply do not exist in Bermuda.

Often these expatriates are employed, because although much of their role may be routine and teachable, they are equipped to handle the occasional unexpected but very high impact situations that may arise and whose consequences are mission critical for the organisations that they support.

If Bermudians want to be able to perform these kinds of roles, then they need to work in environments outside of Bermuda where they can gain this kind of experience.

Fortunately for Bermudians these opportunities can now be exploited by them anywhere in the EU, if they choose to take them.

[JJ on 18.11.05 at 07:43]

To plays devil's advocate (because I completely disagree with the policy) one advantage to 6 year term limits is the avoidance of more people claiming long term residence status. Turning over non essential ex pats every six years means far fewer claiments down the road.

[OnDeWata __/)__ on 18.11.05 at 08:07]

Ratteray was simply cutting away the closest competitor to his place in society/politics.

Canon Tilson had no beef whatsoever with the Bishop & professed (to me personally, face to face BTW) that he was never interested in anything but Holy Trinity...he had no political aspirations, no desire to "be Bishop one day".

Ewan Ratteray is nothing but a self-serving autocrat, who may in fact exhibit the occasional racist bias.

[Git on 18.11.05 at 09:03]

Right you are ODW. I was formulating the same post as I read yours.

Having been (grudgingly) brought up in the Bishop's former posting at St. John's I can say without a shred of compunction that Ewan is arrogant, condescending and does appear to have a racial chip on his shoulder.

Also having been involved with a few functions at Holy Trinity I saw in Cannon T a warmth, charisma and genuine kindness that Ewan could never hold a candle to. From all reports the congregation at HT reached numbers and levels of participation not seen in many moons. Admittedly that's not my bag, but many people take great solace in the church. Canon T's popularity and success was an obvious threat to Ewan, and the fact that he is white did him no favours.

The Bish is just taking a page from the current administration's operating manual; autocracy, hipocracy, xenophobia, and that oh-so pervasive 'I know what is good for you, you ignorant plebs' mentality. Ewan should fetch his sack out of Alex's handbag and let it air out for bit.

Shame on him for this abuse of his position. There is absolutely no valid moral or administrative reason for his actions in this case. He should be run out of the cathedral, across the street, and be made to to pack groceries at the Marketplace.

.... and this from a "non-denominationally spiritual" poster. I can only imagine how the Anglicans in Bay must feel.

[Raptor on 18.11.05 at 09:12]

Is Ewan still not allowing eulogies at funerals?

[NoVote on 18.11.05 at 13:01]

JJ - You are correct. However, a better way to avoid people claiming long-term resident status would be to remove the right to assume this status at all and make sure that it's clear to every expatriate that it will never be available to them before they arrive on the Island in the first place.

In essence this is what the current immigration policy is doing for 'key' employees. By having the 6 year limit on non-key work permit holders the government is simply reducing the number of long-term residents being created.

I suspect that this is to reduce the frequency with which Bermuda infringes human rights conventions that have been established and accepted by most other developed countries, where upon permanent residency rights are conferred after 7 years (I think?) continuous residence in a country.

[Bill Cook on 18.11.05 at 13:45]

I have already posted in another blog my opinion on the Rev Tilson and even though I am not religious I was impressed that he ministered to any without regard to denomination etc and made a strong contribution in building family values to assist in holding families staying intact.

What affected me directly was in a similar odious situation the work permit of Dr Spanenberger who was a tremendous asset to our medical expertise in Bermuda.

I fully agree with Limey's take on this, in my mind utter stupidity,replacing one with another without taking into consideration the fact that getting such expertise is difficult in todays world due to a severe shortage.

For those to trot out such suggestions that we just can not let anyone who comes here stay and create a situation of permancy.

Permancy with these type of special people may be a problem if they constituted huge numbers which of course they do not.

Interestingly special provisions seem to be made for key personal in large financial institutions, which I have no problem with but it shows where our priorities are, when a Rev Tilson who ministers to the social and spiritual life of the community does not get accorded the same respect.

My personal view in these cases is that the motivation is usually due to jealousy, prejudice, and fear and a lack of self confidence and a possible loss of control or power.

Special situations merit special provisions and I personally do not buy the suggestion that we cannot allow these special people to stay due to possible harm in the long term to Bermuda as in my opinion plain common sense would clearly indicate the very opposite.

As long as we have such paranoid attitudes and entrenched bias disguised as concern the status quo will remain sadly.

[SmokingGun on 18.11.05 at 13:48]

A truly democratic society is built on the pillars of Government, Business and Charity. The church falls into the charity group.

Rules that may apply in government and businness do not always need to apply in the charity side. Canon Tilson should not neccessarily have been held to a strict time-line or even regarded as a "key" employee. Even though he was.

The bishop should have gone out of his way to make sure Canon Tilson actually stayed and continued with his church. Wether you might attend HT or not, the Bishop has done a dis-service to Bermuda as a whole. For whatever reason he felt the need to remove Canon Tilson he was wrong to do so. And as Limey states, especially if the replacement is not Bermudian. He has cheated many people out of a true leader and weakened one of the pillars of our society.

I recently walked through the church yard at Holy Trinity and already I can notice the absense of someone who cared deeply about the place. I imagine there are a few people turning in their graves over this complete lack of concern the Bishop has shown to the people of Bermuda.

[Point Finger on 18.11.05 at 14:29]

Gilbert,

After reading your posts, I just have a couple
of questions. If you are living and working
in Bahamas, I'm curious what work restrictions
that they may have.Can you only work there
for a certain time period?

It sounds like you are Bermudian, not Bahamian,
does it bother you being an expat in the
Bahamas that you may be taking a job that could be filled by a Bahamian, or maybe
preventing a Bahmaian lower down from
advancing? or do you feel like you are bringing
a postive influence that will help grow the
business and bring more job oppurtunities and
advancement for the locals there.

[Guilden M. Gilbert, Jr. on 18.11.05 at 14:57]

Point Finger,

You are indeed correct that I am a Bermudian and I do currently live in the Bahamas. My wife is a Bahamian and just as spouses of Bermudians are deemed to belong to Bermuda for immigration purposes so to am I here in the Bahamas. I am not here on work permit, therefore, I am not an expat.

I do not believe that I am taking any position away from a Bahamian because I am self-employed.

As far as work restrictions on foreigners here, if you walked into any of the international business companies here you will find that most of the staff are Bahamian, including all levels of management. Post independence the government of the day made a decision that where possible Bahamians will fill every area of employment. This caused some business to leave but hindsight has shown that this was a good move when you look at the opportunities available to Bahamians across all sectors of the economy.

I trust I have answered your questions.

[Point Finger on 18.11.05 at 15:22]

Guilden,

Thanks for the response, sorry I got your name wrong. I'm a Bermudian who works overseas in the states, am married to an American, there are still work restrictions that have to be satisfied to maintain residence and working priviledges.

Being Bermudian, I still view myself as an expat, living and working in the US, though I now cosider it home, but I do not cosider myself American. It provides me a perspective that I can compare to the expat situation
in Bermuda.

[jbhvt on 20.11.05 at 01:13]

What is the definition of a "key" employee in Bermudian work permit-land terms?

Does this definition vary depending on the type of business?

What would be examples of non-key employees? Would underwriters, chartered accountants, actuaries, hedge fund managers, etc. necessarily be "key" if they weren't in senior management?

Thanks in advance,

Jennifer

[loki on 21.11.05 at 18:39]

"Ratteray was simply cutting away the closest competitor to his place in society/politics."

Indeed. If you have followed Ewan Ratteray's behaviour over the past five or so years - and talked to Ministers within the Anglican church here - you will discover that Ratteray has systematically sought to increase the longevity and strength of the power that he has in the church by surrounding himself with expatriates and holding down the careers and aspirations of Bermudian ministers. The story that Hold Trinity needed a Bermudian minister is bunk. Tilson was becoming too popular within the church, and in an apparent fit of paranoia, Ratteray saw to it that he was removed both from the church and as a potential threat to Ratteray's position. Tilson may not have had a beef with Ratteray, but I can assure you that plenty of Bermudian Anglican Ministers, and Bermudian Ministers both here and oversees who Ratteray has actively prevented from being able to join the Anglican Ministry here. Neither is the Department of Immigration a huge fan of Ratteray, as they have known for some time now precisely what he is up to.

Oh, and I think you'll find that Tilson would have shortly been eligible for a PRC - take that for what you will.

[NoVote on 21.11.05 at 22:55]

Jen,

The government web-site has the following to say on the 6-year rule, although it doesn't define 'key explicitly:

http://www.gov.bm/portal/server.pt?space=Opener&control=OpenObject&cached=true&parentname=CommunityPage&parentid=3&in_hi_ClassID=514&in_hi_userid=2&in_hi_ObjectID=515&in_hi_OpenerMode=2&#

My understanding is that it's perfectly possible to be a 'key' employee without being in senior management.

For example, an IT professional with very specific business critical specialist expertise could be classfied as 'key'.

[Uncle Elvis on 21.11.05 at 23:24]

or.. I don't know...

um...

the spiritual leader of a community, maybe?

[observor on 22.11.05 at 09:27]

Guilden

You have left Bermuda and willingly taken up residence in a foreign country. You are an expatriate. Embrace it.

[Guilden M. Gilbert, Jr. on 22.11.05 at 09:56]

Observer,

An expat, by definition, has no direct ties to the country he is working and residing in. If one enters Bermuda on a work permit he is an expat. If during his tenure in Bermuda he marries a Bermuda he is no longer deemed to be an expat because for immigration purposes he is now deemed to belong to Bermuda.

Limey, as an example, is married to a Bermudian, therefore, he is entitled to the same rights and privileges as a Bermudian, except he does not have the right to vote. He is not an expat, is he?

My position in the Bahamas is the same as Limey's position in Bermuda.

[observor on 22.11.05 at 10:28]

Until he receives Bermuda status, I suspect Limey will remain an expat. The word expatriate can be used to describe both a willing departure from one's home country as well as arrival into another. Per dictionary.com:

v. tr.
1. To send into exile
2. To remove (oneself) from residence in one's native land.

v. intr.
1. To give up residence in one's homeland
2. To renounce allegiance to one's homeland.

n. (- t, - t )
1. One who has taken up residence in a foreign country.
2. One who has renounced one's native land

adj. (- t, - t )
Residing in a foreign country; expatriated: “She delighted in the bohemian freedom enjoyed by the expatriate artists, writers, and performers living in Rome” (Janet H. Murray).

[silencedogood on 22.11.05 at 10:31]

Guilden,

You are an expat until you are a citizen in my book. Using Phil as an example proves that point. He may be able to live in bermuda but he can't vote, nor can he start his own business without a 60% owner, presumably his wife. I believe he will also have to remain married for 15 years before he gets permanent residency. Nice deal isn't it? Very fair.

Obviously we don't want to let the floodgates open, but I think Bermuda does itself a disservice with its immigration policy in situations like this one. Beyond the points that Limey made in his original post, Bermuda brings workers in for their skills, blames problems on them, and then kicks them out.

It does not help our reputation to treat people in this way. It also creates a significant proportion of the population which feels (justified or not) disenfranchised. I would imagine that most will take the approach that since they are being used for skills, they will simply use Bermuda to make money and go. No community involvement from a group which could be a positive force on the island in terms of service, ideas, culture, entertainment, etc.

Immigration could be more effective if from the start. Remove administrative barriers to the process for bringing in service workers but limit them to one permit lasting no longer than two years. Less expensive to place an expat, more opportunity for Bermudians to take over the low-skill job, and prevents the expectation of residency through application or marriage.

Skilled professionals (which I would lump the pastor in with) bring more value and should be treated as such. There are also fewer bermudians capable of filling these jobs, training or no. Be restrictive in who is allowed in, but then ease up on them. If they want to start a business which will create local jobs, let them.

I've heard stories of expat wives who could not volunteer to teach kids reading because the organization was worried about immigration. I personally know people who were ending their careers and did not want to stay in Bermuda having to go through hell because they could not get a release letter to work at a charity for the two years before they leave. This after giving 7-10 years to a local employer and moving to a charity.

Maybe those wanting to stay longer could be required to contribute to the community. Say, after your second permit or 6 years all expats wanting to stay had to log 250 hours per year of community service w/ exceptions for company officers.

Without going into so much detail that my post resembles the BIC report in length, my point is that there are more creative solutions to advance bermuda's interests without being heavy-handed with expats. Anyone have ideas along these lines?

[Guilden M. Gilbert, Jr. on 22.11.05 at 10:57]

Silencedogood,

There is a difference between what I can do here as a spouse of a Bahamian and what Phil can do in Bermuda.

I can own and operate my own business without a Bahamian partner or shareholder, that is, I can have 100% ownership. I can own and develop property in the Bahamas and I could inherit property from a Bahamian. The same is not true of non-Bermudian spouses in Bermuda.

Clearly the situation in the Bahamas is different than that of Bermuda.

I hold permanent residency with the right to work, in fact it is stamped in my passport and unlike the situation in Bermuda, if my marriage failed and were dissolved my permanent residency status would not change. I have all rights associated with citizenship, except the right to vote.

I am not considered, under Bahamian law, or more importantly by Bahamians, as an expatriate. The fact that my child is Bahamian only solidifies this in the minds of Bahamians.

You see, I have a vested interest in the Bahamas. Just as, in my view, Phil has a vested interest in Bermuda due to his wife being a Bermudian.

Observer,

"1. To give up residence in one's homeland
2. To renounce allegiance to one's homeland."

By your definitions, every person not born a Bermudian, even those who have acquired citizenship are and will always be labelled as expats.

[JW on 22.11.05 at 10:57]

I have an idea that will;
1) reduce the pressure on low cost housing and
2) reduce the number of low skilled ex pats brought into the country.

Answer: allow the children of expats (16-21 year olds) to work during the summer holidays at menial jobs that are currently filled by bringing in even more foreign workers who thus increase the demand for low cost housing. I am talking about waiting/bussing tables, cleaning pools, etc; the sort of jobs we all did when we were kids to make some pocket money and learn some work ethics for later life. The same rules would apply as with other jobs; that is Bermudian kids get the first choice. If no Bermudian wants the job then allow the teenage kids of ex pats, who are here legally and have accommodation, to work under their parent(s) permit.

[Nicolette on 22.11.05 at 11:11]

I only get involved in matters of a secular nature when they come out of the pulpit and affect my life via legislation etc. However, this situation is hard to ignore and I agree with the general sentiment here BUT I heard (and I am not that informed in this area) that a very qualified Bermudian (I know him which is why I heard anything) returned home with all the external experience discussed previously from abroad so isn't this discussion now moot?

[Big Bad Wolf ^..^ on 22.11.05 at 11:43]

Guess what Rev Rattery will need in heaven...yep a work permit!!! Only God gives them out and the Reverend might have trouble getting one.Meanwhile the people down at Holy Trinity better put their hands together and pray for a good new minister. I'm not sure but I think God is really busy elsewhere on life and death matters.

[SmokingGun on 22.11.05 at 12:05]

JW - That is a very solid idea. It would work and be very helpful. Only hang up is will the kids want to spend their summers working or on the beach.

Guilden - Technically you will always be an expat. As far as Bermuda is concerned. Unless you decide to become a repat that is.

[JW on 22.11.05 at 12:30]

Smoking Gun, all I know is that my kids would like to be able to work here when they are home from school during the holidays and can't. I guess they can apply for jobs back home but that means we don't get to see them and also have to arrange accommodation etc for them. I admit this idea suits me and my family but I am sure others agree and it would honestly help ease the pressure on lower priced rentals. I am also not naiive enough to think there's any votes in it for a politician to take up the cause!

[SmokingGun on 22.11.05 at 12:44]

JW - in my opinion I think it's totally plausible for the simple fact that you want as many young people being as pro-active as possible when they have time off. It would also help young people get to know other Bermudian people and help create a bond.

And if there are not enough jobs in the private sector Bermuda's government could easily create summer job programs that fit.
How about painting houses for the elderly or infirm? Heck it seems like the Premier could even benefit from that!

[SmokingGun on 22.11.05 at 12:47]

When their visa expires?

[silencedogood on 22.11.05 at 13:07]

If this post pops out twice my apologies...

Guilden,

I see your point. I'm not well versed in the Bahamian situation, but I would agree with you post-explaination that you are not an expat.

Bermuda is a different. I think there is a sentiment among many that even people who marry a bermudian and spend a good portion of their lives here are not, and never will be "Bermudian". The most they will be is "paper Bermudians". I disagree with that sentiment, but it exists and plays out in the different rights that you enjoy in the Bahamas vs. a similar person in Bermuda.

BBW--very funny :D There was a joke going around last year that Santa had his work permit denied. Also funny.

[The Limey on 22.11.05 at 13:13]

silencedogood

I only need to be married for 10 years before I can apply for Bermudian status.

[silencedogood on 22.11.05 at 13:15]

Ps. I don't think the issue is mooted by the fact that a qualified bermudian was found after the fact. That is just a happy coincidence.

The issue is whether or not an expat should be shipped off the island in the absence of a qualified bermudian meaning another expat will take their place.

[silencedogood on 22.11.05 at 13:18]

silencedogood

I only need to be married for 10 years before I can apply for Bermudian status.

Posted by The Limey on 22.11.05 at 13:13

Noted. Please reduce the validity of my point by 1/3 to compensate for the 5 years. ;)

[Two Cents on 22.11.05 at 13:34]

The most they will be is "paper Bermudians".

Although I can't see where Gilden wrote that sliencedogood, I find it offensive. This country was built on the back of many "paper bermudians". My family has only been here approx 40 years and we are all now "Paper Bermudians" and every single one of us has done their share "for Bermuda"

Other hardworking people have made a life here for themselves and in many cases have helped Bermuda more than alot of local families, through hiring practices, as well as contribrubutions to social, sporting, and charitable events in Bermuda.

Someone told me once "Just because someone's name isn't Outerbridge, Smith, Trimingham, Fox or Foggo, don't assume that they're not a hard working, contributing, Bermudian".

The same guy also told me (damn I wish I could remember his name)
"Unless you're a hogge or cahow...we're all expats, just some of us got here quicker than others"

[JW on 22.11.05 at 13:44]

Smoking Gun
Their right to work would expire when their parent's work permit ends.

[silencedogood on 22.11.05 at 14:03]

Two Cents,

Keep reading--I made it pretty clear that I disagree with that sentiment. I wasn't attributing it to Guilden either.

I was pointing out that there are people on this island who feel that way and that Bermuda may not be as accepting of new citizens as the Bahamas.

I agree wholeheartedly with the other statements of your post.

[Two Cents on 22.11.05 at 14:08]

Silence,

I know ...I was just ranting at that statement..sorry

[silencedogood on 22.11.05 at 15:02]

Two Cents--no worries mate.

[jbhvt on 23.11.05 at 04:46]

I would like to expand on what NoVote has to say (quite eloquently, I would add):

"the appointment of Bermudian understudies to replace expatriates pre-supposes that it is actually possible for an expatriate to pass on their knowledge and experience to another person simply by working closely with them, coaching and perhaps providing good training.

For many, many professions this is simply not the case. In many professional and managerial positions, into which expatriates are recruited, the skills that the expatriate has developed and utilises have been gained through exposure to an environment and a diversity of people and situations that simply do not exist in Bermuda."

It seems to me that the skill set necessary to be successful (even marginally) in most international businesses is hard to come by in countries with a population vastly larger than the Bermuda Isles. Not everyone, however bright and motivated, has the aptitude to be a good actuary, underwriter, accountant, banker, etc.--the positions available in most companies which comprise the international business sector--and it is not realistic to think that just because someone receives coaching and mentoring and education and every possible promotion opportunity that they will succeed. It might be nice to pretend that that is the case, but it isn't necessarily and therefore that's why the staus quo prevails with the constant stream of expats to the island, "key" employees or not.

I honestly don't know what the solution is for Bermuda. You have a finite land mass and an exploding population that isn't heading for greatness with the current socio-political-education systems in place. It's hard to see how the majority will ever succeed with the demise of tourism and the increased presence of international business as the main economic pillar. I could go on a soapbox about population control and land reclamation but I suppose those are topics for another time!

Thanks for listening. I wish Bermuda the best and love this blog.